Germany has increased the extent of its road and motorway network where vehicle combinations of up to 25.25 metres are allowed. This expansion comes with the latest update from the Bundesgesetzblatt agency, marking the thirteenth revision since the concession was introduced in 2021 and the previous update on 22 November 2023. The list includes various motorways, such as the A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A8, A9, and A10, as well as numerous federal roads (Bundesstraßen). For each section, the document specifies the start and end kilometre points of the authorised route.
The extended vehicle combinations (Lang-Lkw) are classified into five categories, each with specific limits and characteristics. Typ 1 consists of a single semi-trailer measuring up to 17.88 metres (compared to the standard 16.50 metres) with a maximum total weight of 40 tonnes (44 tonnes for intermodal transport) and five or six axles. In this case, the coupling remains standard between the semi-trailer and the tractor unit, which does not undergo any modifications.
Typ 2 is an articulated lorry featuring a tractor unit towing a semi-trailer and a second central-axle module (B-Train) connected via a dolly, totalling seven axles. This configuration allows a maximum length of 25.25 metres and a total weight of up to 44 tonnes. Typ 3 is a Road Train, consisting of two standard semi-trailers linked by a dolly, with a maximum length of 25.25 metres and a total weight of up to 44 tonnes.
Typ 4, also known as the EuroCombi, features a semi-trailer and a central-axle trailer for greater stability. This type can reach a maximum length of 24 metres and a total weight of either 40 or 44 tonnes. Finally, Typ 5, commonly referred to as the Gigaliner, comprises two modular units, such as a semi-trailer and a short trailer, with a maximum length of 25.25 metres and a total weight of up to 44 tonnes.
To operate on public roads, these vehicle combinations must meet specific safety requirements, including advanced braking assistance systems (EBS and ABS), blind-spot sensors to protect cyclists and pedestrians, stability control to prevent rollovers, and additional mirrors or cameras to enhance rear visibility. Drivers must also meet certain criteria: they must have held a CE driving licence for at least five years and have completed a specialised two-hour training course.
